PAH

GS 标志认证将强制加入PAHs测试

德国安全技术认证中心(ZLS)经验交流办公室(Central Experience Exchange Office, ZEK)AtAV委员会2007年11月20日通过诀议(参见ZLS官方网站上公告第 ZEK 01-08号文件)，要求在GS标志认证中强制加入PAHs测试，该项规定于2008年4月1生效，届时所有GS标志认证机构将开始加测PAHs项目。

虽然此前PAHs测试只遵循自愿原则，不纳入GS认证要求，但德国曾经发生过两起相关的自动召回事件：一是研磨机的电线、机壳和手柄中发现此类物质；一是锤子的防滑塑胶层中发现高浓度的PAHs化合物。另外，中国某电动工具制造企业价值8000万美元的货物曾因被发现含有PAHs而被扣留在德国港口不能进入。新的规定正式实施后，不能通过PAHs测试的产品将无法获得GS认证标志而顺利进入德国。

根据新规定的要求，消费产品的材料中，PAHs的限值必须符合下表：

参数	一类	二类	三类
	与食物接触的材料或三岁以下孩童会放入口中和物品和玩具	塑料，经常性和皮肤接触的部件，接触时间会超过30秒的部件，以及一类中未规范的玩具	塑料，偶尔性接触的部件，即与皮肤接触时间少于30秒的部件，或与皮肤没有接触的部件
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)	不得检测到 * (<0.2 mg/kg)	1 mg/kg	20 mg/kg
16项PAHs总和#	不得检测到 * (<0.2 mg/kg)	10 mg/kg	200 mg/kg

* 若测试结果大于一类但符合二类的限值，需再依据DIN EN 1186及§ 64 LFBG 80.30-1的迁移性测试进行测试以确认测试结果。

Intertek将于近期举办针对PAHs强制测试的专题研讨会，请访问网站获得最新的研讨会信息。

# 16项PAHs指：

化合物名称	简称	CAS No.	化合物名称	简称	CAS No.
Naphthalene	Nap	91-20-3	Chrysene	CHR	218-01-9
Acenaphthylene	AcPy	208-96-8	Benzo[a]anthracene	BaA	56-55-3
Acenaphthene	Acp	83-32-9	Benzo[b]fluoranthene	BbF	205-99-2
Fluorene	Flu	86-73-7	Benzo[k]fluoranthene	BkF	207-08-9
Phenanthrene	PA	85-1-8	Benzo[a]pyrene	BaP	50-32-8
Anthracene	Ant	120-12-7	Dibenzo[a,h]anthrancene	DBA	53-70-3
Fluoranthene	FL	206-44-0	Indeno[c,d]pyrene	IND	193-39-5
Pyrene	Pyr	129-00-0	Benzo[g,h,i]perylene	BghiP	191-24-2

PAHs简介
PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons，多环芳香烃)，是由二个至七个不等的苯环所组成的线状、角状或一团状的化学结构物。目前已知的PAHs超过100种以上，而被美国环保署列明受管制的PAHs则有16种 (见上表)。PAHs主要是由于含碳化合物不完全燃烧或在石化燃料的使用过程中产生的，如煤炭、油、木头、垃圾和其它有机物质在不完全燃烧的情况下都会产生PAHs；煤焦油、石油、木炭、原油、柏油、矿物油、润滑油、电解溶液和染料中也可能会发现这些物质，而电子产品中的塑料、橡胶材质则是含有PAHs的高风险材料。

限制PAHs的法规依据
1. 德国食品及日用品法 (Lebensmittel und Bedarfsgegenstandegesetz - LFGB) (German Food Commodity and Feed Law) 第30节制定了PAHs的可允许限值：

材质	塑料，经常性固定接触的部件，即接触时间会超过30秒的部件(如手柄，方向盘等)	塑料，偶尔性接触的部件，即接触时间少于30秒的部件
16项PAHs 限值	10 mg/kg	200 mg/kg
BaP 限值	1 mg/kg	20 mg/kg

检测极限为0.1 mg/kg。若材料被检测出低于0.1 mg/kg，则视为ND(未检测到)。(GS Mark的定量限值为0.2 mg/kg)。

2. 欧洲议会及欧盟理事于2005 年11 月16 日在法国斯特拉斯堡签署的多环芳香烃2005/69/EC指令，是指令76/769/EEC的二十七次修订。

欧盟2005/69/EC指令规定市场上销售的添加油或用于制造轮胎的添加油应符合： BaP含量低于1 mg/kg，且以下8 种PAHs ─ BaP、BeP、BaA、CHR、BbFA、BjFA、BkFA、DBAhA总含量低于10 mg/kg。欧盟各成员国应于2006 年12 月29 日之前制订相应的法律、规范和管理办法，并于2010 年1 月1 日起正式生效。

【GS Mark简介】

GS-Mark 是德国政府所拥有的标志，根据德国设备安全法 (GSG)所制定，主管单位为 ZLS，为欧盟认可的自愿性认证。

印有GS标志的电气、机械或电机产品，表示经过测试符合德国的产品安全标准，只有经认可的产品安全测试和认证实验室才能授与GS 标志。Intertek 集团是核发德国GS标志的认证机构之一，并拥有多年检测及认证经验，能协助您产品符合德国及其它国际的法规。

Intertek服务
Intertek会根据AtAV和GS标志认证最新要求，及时更新相关PAHs测试服务。除此之外，我们还为电子电气产品提供以下的化学测试服务：

* RoHS六项测试
* 多氯联苯测试
* 卤素测试
* 全氟辛烷磺酰基化合物测试
* 邻苯二甲酸盐测试
* 全氟辛酸铵测试
* 四溴双酚-A测试
* 挥发性有机物

我们也可应客户要求进行个性化的安全与质量测试服务。
请随时与我们联系。

免责声明：本公司已尽一切努力确保上述信息准确可靠，但对其内容的准确性、真实性及合法性不做任何形式的担保；阅读者在重要事项上源引相关信息时，应自行分析审慎判断。

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PAH

Mandatory PAHs Testing for the GS-Certification

The German committee ”Technische Arbeitsmittel und Verbraucherprodukte (AtAV)“ has decided on 20th November 2007 the mandatory PAHs testing for the GS-certification process. The required document for the practical testing was reworked basing on the requirements of the AtAV decision and official published on the ZLS homepage as document ZEK 01-08. After transient time this new testing specification will be mandatory for all GS-Certification Bodies starting with 1st April 2008.

Even though PAHs testing was voluntary previously and not required in the GS certification, there had been two voluntary product recalls in German concerning PAHs, with PAHs being found in the wire, shell and handle of a lapping machine in one case, and high concentration PAHs found in the plastic finishing of a hammer handle’s non-slip grip in another.? Furthermore, a cargo of power tools produced by a Chinese manufacturer valued at USD 80 million was refused to enter the border and detained by German Customs because of PAHs containment found.

The limits for PAHs that must be met for materials of consumer goods are stated in the following table:

Parameter	Category 1	Category 2	Category 3
	Material in direct contact with food, or materials indented to be put in the mouth and toys for children aged < 36 months	Material with foreseeable contact to skin for longer than 30 seconds (long-term skin contact) and toys not covered by category 1	Material with foreseeable contact to skin up to 30 seconds (short term skin contact) or without skin contact.
Benzo]a]pyren mg/kg	Not detectable (< 0.2 mg/kg)*	1 mg/kg	20 mg/kg
Sum 16 PAHs (EPA) mg/kg#	Not detectable (< 0.2 mg/kg)*	10 mg/kg	200 mg/kg

* If the limits of category 1 are surpassed but the limits of category 2 still met, the confirmation of suitability of contact can be verified by an additional migration test of the PAHs components according to DIN EN 1186 and § 64 LFBG 80.30-1.

Seminar will soon be held on PAHs testing. Please visit our web site to check the schedule.

# 16 PAHs include:

Compound	Abbr.	CAS No.	Compound	Abbr.	CAS No.
Naphthalene	Nap	91-20-3	Chrysene	CHR	218-01-9
Acenaphthylene	AcPy	208-96-8	Benzo[a]anthracene	BaA	56-55-3
Acenaphthene	Acp	83-32-9	Benzo[b]fluoranthene	BbF	205-99-2
Fluorene	Flu	86-73-7	Benzo[k]fluoranthene	BkF	207-08-9
Phenanthrene	PA	85-1-8	Benzo[a]pyrene	BaP	50-32-8
Anthracene	Ant	120-12-7	Dibenzo[a,h]anthrancene	DBA	53-70-3
Fluoranthene	FL	206-44-0	Indeno[c,d]pyrene	IND	193-39-5
Pyrene	Pyr	129-00-0	Benzo[g,h,i]perylene	BghiP	191-24-2

PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are the chemicals formed mainly from incomplete burning of coal, oil, wood, wastes and other organic substances, and they also can be found in coal tar, petroleum, charcoal, crude oil, asphalt, mineral oil, lubricating oil, electrolyte solution and dye stuffs. Plastics and rubber in electronic products are high risky materials containing PAHs. At present, there are more than a hundred kinds of PAHs, sixteen of which are restricted by the US Environment Protection Bureau (please refer to the above table).

Intertek Services

Intertek offers PAHs testing services according to the latest requirements of AtAV and GS certification. Also, we provide the following chemical testing service for electrical and electronic products:

Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr(VI), PBBs and PBDEs Testing
PEBs Testing
Halogen Testing
PFOS Testing
Phthalate
PFOA Testing
TBBP-A Testing
VOCs Testing

Beside the above, we can offer tailored product safety and performance testing according to customers’ requirements.
Please contact us whenever you need testing and certification services.

Disclaimer: Intertek made all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the information provided should not be relied up as legal advice or regarded as a subtitute for legal advice. The reader should exercise his/her own care and judgment before relying on this information in any important matter.